This research aims to examine the role of biotechnology in the fight against food insecurity in Africa, opportunities, and constraints. The study explores the impact of biotechnology on crop yield, nutritional value, and ability to withstand biotic and abiotic stresses, and the social, economic, political, and cultural factors that slow the adoption of biotechnology. Secondary data was collected from a review of literature using case studies, regional data, and prior research findings to determine the role of biotechnology in food security in different African settings. The method used in the study also involves a comparative approach to assess the extent to which the advantages of biotechnological innovations correspond to the disadvantages experienced by smallholder farmers regarding policy and culture. This study establishes that biotechnology has enhanced the yield and improved the quality of foods like maize, cassava, and orange-fleshed sweet potatoes, which are crucial to Africa’s food and economic security. However, the study also reveals a number of challenges, which include high fixed costs, high costs of technology, restrictive policies and regulations, and social and cultural barriers arising from cultural beliefs. The study, therefore, calls for policies that would enhance resource acquisition, community participation, and training for biotechnology use across Africa.
