Over the past few decades, diabetes mellitus has become a significant non-communicable disease in Nigeria. The incidence and epidemiological trends of diabetes in Nigeria are summarized in this review, which also assesses nutritional interventions for managing and preventing the disease. According to recent estimates, the frequency is within 5.7% to 7.0% nationwide, with significant regional and urban-rural differences. Urbanization, the shift in diet toward ultra-processed foods and refined carbohydrates, physical inactivity, and rising obesity rates are some of the main causes. Prevention and glycemic control continue to be largely dependent on nutritional therapy, which includes dietary modification, low-glycemic index patterns, increased dietary fiber, functional foods, and weight management. In order to put the evidence into practice, we also provide case studies, data summaries, and culturally relevant Nigerian meal plans. Strengthening public health policies, improving access to dietetic services, and scaling community-based interventions are essential to curb the growing diabetes epidemic.
